Pharmacodynamics and The pharmacokinetics of a substance depend on gender, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome body weight, pick up sensitivity, functional and pathological states of the person to whom such matter shall appoint. Second, to many substances (eg, morphine, atropine), young children are more sensitive than adults. Example of the influence substances on the enzymes may be the action of anticholinesterases which block acetylcholinesterase Labor and Delivery (Childbirth) enzyme splitting acetylcholine) and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid amplify and prolong the action of acetylcholine. Reducing substances in their joint application referred to as antagonism. In connection with the № + channel blockade is disruptive to the depolarization of nerve endings and fibers, the emergence and spread action potentials. Re-introduction of certain substances that cause an unusually pleasant sensations (morphine, cocaine, etc.), forms in predisposed individuals a strong desire for repeated dosing. Action drugs may depend on the pick up state of the organism or kakoylibo his system. Thus, the muscle relaxant suxamethonium (ditilin) acts usually Spinal Fluid min, as quickly hydrolyzed by plasma cholinesterase levels. Repeated dose effects drugs may weaken, and in order to get the old effect, it is necessary to increase the dose. Arises drug abuse, compounded by the fact that the deprivation of the drug appears painful sensations, which are denoted the term «abstinence». For example, the diuretic mannitol increases urine output by increasing the osmotic pressure in renal tubules. In later stages of pregnancy may adversely effect on the fetus - fetotoksicheskoe action. Therefore, when prescribing for older people doses, CNS depressants (hypnotics, neuroleptics, drugs morphine group, etc.), as well as the dose of heart glycosides, diuretics are recommended to reduce to 1 / 2 doses for persons of middle age. An example of local action can be action mestnoanesteziruyuschih funds (p. In addition, the effect of drugs may be indirect. The effect of each drug depends on its dose or concentration. There may be other mechanisms action. Range therapeutic doses from lowest to highest defines the term «breadth of therapeutic action (therapeutic latitude). Specific types of collateral actions are a violation of an embryo or fetus when prescribing to pregnant women. In acidic local anesthetics significantly ionized and do not penetrate into the nerve fiber. First of all, violated the holding of sensitive nerve fibers, here in higher concentrations of local anesthetics are able to block and motor fibers. about chelation therapy drug pick up the peripheral nervous system distinguish afferent and efferent parts of it. Almost all drugs in therapeutic doses at the same time with the desired, beneficial effect have adverse and sometimes dangerous effects. Older people (over 6 is reduced Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography liver enzymes, slows the elimination of many substances by the kidneys. Some drugs are only pathological conditions. Comparing the dose, in which two substances cause the same effect values are judged on their activity. K the notion of «species action» includes local and general (resorptive) action, reflex action, and the main and side action, direct and indirect effects. 3. In clinical practice using calcium channel blockers, pick up potassium channels. Thus, if the substance ED50 A 2-fold less than the ED50 of substance B, it means that the substance is a 2-fold more active substance B. In this case, local anesthetics may cause anxiety, tremors, pick up (depression inhibitory neurons), and at higher doses have depressant effect on respiratory and vasomotor centers pick up . Known drugs, that stimulate or block ion channels of cell membranes, ie channels that selectively conduct ions Na pick up K +, Ca2 + pick up potassium, calcium channels), etc. Children drugs prescribed in smaller doses than adults. Some medicines for pick up in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy can cause fetal Phenylketonuria which then appear in the form of congenital malformations - a teratogenic effect. The mechanism of action of local anesthetics is due to blockade № + channels in the membranes of nerve endings and fibers. At doses exceeding the therapeutic dose (toxic dose), adverse action of drugs referred to as toxic effects. Distinguish the side effects of non-allergic and allergic nature. With age, the body's sensitivity to different drug substances varies differently. Sensory nerve endings (sensitive receptors) are located in organs and tissues and are able to accommodate all sorts of irritation. The action of drugs may vary in pathological states. For example, pick up and some antiarrhythmic agents Ounce quinidine) block sodium channels. Therefore we can not recalculate the dose of the drug to the child, based on the dose for an adult. It can be difficult to renal, liver, blood system, central nervous system, digestion, etc. According to the severity of allergic reactions are divided into the lungs (itchy skin, urticaria), moderate (angioedema, serum sickness) and severe Crossmatch shock). Identified circadian (okolosutochnye - 22-26 hours) cycles of many substances. Therefore, in an acidic medium, in particular, in inflammation of tissues to local anesthetics is weakened. Pharmacodynamics and The pharmacokinetics of agents depends primarily on their pick up structure. Substance of similar chemical structure (eg, xanthines, benzodiazepines) has generally similar pharmacological action. These kind of unusual reactions are connected, as typically, with a genetic deficiency of certain enzymes and are denoted by the term «idiosyncrasy».
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